乌克兰语英文简介

Mova——tse dusha narodu （The language is the soul of the people）. For Ukrainia , the proverb is indeed rooted in truth.

Centuries of subjugation and o re ion by neighbouring conquerors and imperialists took their land and liberty but not their language which remai  a strong symbol of Ukrainian national identity.

Since independence from the former Soviet Union in 1991, the language has experienced a revival and rebirth in Ukraine and was named the official language of the Ukrainian Republic after the declaration of statehood on August 24. The Union's policies of Ru ification repre ed and restricted but did not destroy.

Ukrainian, together with Ru ian and Belaru ian, belongs to the eastern group of the Slavic family of Indo-European languages.

Called the most ancient living Slavic language, it is said to the one most closely related to Old Church Slavic, the pre-modern literary language used by all Slavs.

Unique syntactic, morphological and phonological features characterize and separate it from the other East Slavic languages.

The Ukrainian alphabet is Cyrillic but differs slightly from the Ru ian and Belaru ian languages which are also written in modified Cyrillic script.

The language is richly inflected, employing a system of seven cases （nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, vocative, i trumental, locative） in which nou , adjectives and most pronou  decline in the singular and plural, marking the difference between animate and inanimate nou  with separate paradigms, and in three genders （masculine, feminine, neuter）.

Ver  po e  an "a ect" in which their use may be imperfective, for actio  which are co idered ongoing, or perfective, used to describe completed actio .

Accent in Ukrainian is unfixed and does not o erve strict rules for its placement.

Word order is generally free owing to the system of inflectio  which kee  roles and relatio hi  defined. Ya mayu khyzhku. Mayu ya knyzhku. Knyzhku ya mayu. These are all grammatically correct ways in which to say "I have a book."

The  oken language is both musical and melodious with a rhythm and meter to its expre ion.

Today Ukrainian is used by a roximately 45 million  eakers in Ukraine and hundreds of thousands of immigrants and New World-decendents in numerous dia ora communities, most notably Canada, the United States, Brazil, Argentina and Australia, among others.

A unique development in the history of the Ukrainian language has been what socio-linguists and philologists have been calling the creation of new variants of Ukrainian in which the dominant language of the new environment （English in Canada or Portuguese in Brazil, for example） influences linguistically the tra lanted mother tongue.

Strengthening and increasing the use and prestige of the Ukrainian language in Ukraine continues simultaneously with trends towards renewed and increased use and abilities of the ancestral language among Ukrainia  abroad.

——Prepared by Jeffrey Picknicki Morski, University of Wi ipeg

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